Take Five: No Half Measures

A selection of the major stories impacting ESG investors, in five easy pieces. 

Whole-economy transformation was high on the agenda at London Climate Action Week and beyond.

Silent crisis – Among the more significant announcements made at London Climate Action Week (LCAW) was the unveiling of its draft ‘Global Roadmap for a Nature-positive Economy’ by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Avoiding the nature crisis requires the same whole-economy transformation needed to avert the climate crisis, the conservation organisation contends – and similar tools too, such as sector-specific pathways that plot the path to a sustainable future for governments, companies and investors. Due to be finalised and presented at the biodiversity COP16 in Colombia, the framework focuses on five pillars needed to underpin national plans for the nature-positive transition. While companies and investors are beginning to factor nature-related risks, impacts and opportunities into their decisions – as reflected in updates this week from the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures and the UN Principles for Responsible Investment’s (PRI) Spring engagement initiative – their actions are limited by prevailing policies. To transform economies and redirect capital to nature-positive projects, resource-strapped governments need help, especially in the Global South. Speaking at the launch, Mahmoud Mohieldin, UN Special Envoy on Financing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and UN Climate Change High-Level Champion at COP27, said many are already struggling with the “silent crisis” of unsustainable debt levels. Governments that are already slashing health and education budgets rather than entering restructuring negotiations are not best-placed to realign their finance flows with the Global Biodiversity Framework. For this reason, the WWF’s draft roadmap seeks to provide that technical policy support, but it also expects change among those with the most power to influence, calling for multilateral development banks to “mainstream” nature into their decisions – especially around debt.

Plan to succeed – Transition pathways was a key theme throughout LCAW, in recognition of the work still needed to guide businesses and economies toward credible decarbonisation. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) confirmed it was assuming oversight of the transition plan disclosure resources developed by the UK’s Transition Plan Taskforce, taking the initiative a step closer to its original remit of establishing a ‘gold standard’ framework to be used across jurisdictions. For good measure, the ISSB also announced closer collaboration with other sustainability standards and reporting bodies, partly to build on its recent commitment to

Visualized: The Price of Carbon Around the World in 2024

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June 25, 2024 Article & Editing Graphics & Design Visualized: The Price of Carbon Around the World

Only 1% of global emissions are priced high enough to meet the Paris Agreement’s temperature target in 2024.

This chart, created in partnership with the National Public Utilities Council, shows carbon prices around the world using data from the World Bank.

Let’s start by looking at what carbon pricing is and how it works.

What Is Carbon Pricing?

Carbon pricing is an environmental strategy aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by assigning a monetary cost to carbon emissions. 

The most common types of carbon pricing are emissions trading systems (ETS) and carbon taxes. The former sets an overall emission limit and allocates permits for trading, whereas the latter imposes a fee on emissions to increase their cost and incentivize reductions.

According to the World Bank, Finland and Poland were the first countries to implement a federal carbon price in 1990. The most recent countries, on the other hand, were Australia, Hungary, and Indonesia, implementing carbon pricing in 2023.

Carbon Prices, By Region

In 2017, the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition suggested that carbon prices should range from $50–100/tCO2 by 2030 to meet the Paris Climate Agreement’s temperature goal.

Fast forward to 2024, the global average carbon price is $32/tCO2—$18 short of the minimum that is needed in six years.

Carbon pricing varies significantly across different regions. Europe and Central Asia have the highest number of pricing initiatives out of any other world region, with an average price of $50/tCO2.

In the U.S. and Canada, the average price is slightly lower at $48 per ton, with 16 initiatives in place. North America’s approach is characterized by both federal and state/provincial systems, including notable schemes like Canada’s federal carbon pricing and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the United States.

RegionAverage Carbon PriceNumber of Initiatives Europe & Central Asia$5026 U.S. & Canada$4816 Latin America & Caribbean$2411 East Asia & Pacific$1118 Africa$101

The European Union’s ETS system was introduced in 2005. The initiative led to a 16% decrease in covered emissions between 2022 and 2023 and generated $47 billion. Several EU member countries have also implemented their own carbon pricing mechanisms to address sectors outside the EU ETS’s scope or to generate

From Co-benefits to Core Benefits

Social impacts on local communities can make or break carbon sequestration projects. 

The prime purpose of voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) is to limit climate change, by allocating capital to projects that offset, remove or avoid emissions through the generation and sale of credits.  Despite controversies, VCMs are growing. A 2023 survey of businesses across the US, UK and Europe found that 89%…

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Asset Owners Call for Climate Clubs 

Green-minded nations should club together to punish countries with weak climate policies and encourage carbon pricing, says NZAOA. 

A UN-affiliated group of big investors has called on climate-conscious governments around the world to join forces and pressure laggard countries to impose a price on carbon emissions.   In a new paper, the UN-convened Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance (NZAOA) argued members of a so-called ‘climate club’ could impose carbon border…

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Weak Carbon Pricing Stalls Energy Transition

Low and patchy carbon prices will delay the transition to a clean economy but present political advantages, says the Institute of International Finance.  The sluggish spread of carbon pricing around the world risks holding back the urgent transition to a low-carbon economy, a leading financial industry bodies has warned. In…

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UK Needs Heat and Transport Emissions Pricing

The government is under legal pressure to tighten its climate policies, and pricing the fossil fuels used to heat homes and power cars could be part of the answer.

At a time when the UK government faces legal pressure to ramp up its climate policies, a new report has found that the UK could cut its carbon emissions by as much as 26% by pricing those generated by heating and road transport fuels.

Conducted by the London School of Economics and Political Science’s (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change, the research found that extending the UK’s Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) to heating and transport fuels could produce a “double dividend” by cutting emissions and expanding the economy by as much as 0.3% through the redistribution of the revenue raised to households and businesses.

The report followed a High Court ruling last week, which found that the UK government’s existing climate action plans were unlawful as they failed to demonstrate how they would meet legally binding targets under the Climate Change Act. The ruling underscored that courts take the legislated climate targets and obligations seriously, meaning the government must find new ways to reduce emissions beyond the power sector.

The heat and transport sectors present an obvious opportunity. Both are major contributors to global warming, accounting for 18% and 23% respectively of the UK’s total greenhouse gas emissions, the report found. But so far, the government has not put a price on emissions from these sectors in the way it has for industrial and power sector emissions.

Extending the ETS to heat and transport  would help push households to lower carbon alternatives to gas boilers such as heat pumps, while addressing tax breaks that make gas artificially cheaper than electricity, according to the LSE report. It would also increase take-up of electric vehicles and use of public transport.

With a carbon price on heat and transport fuels starting at £0 per tonne and rising to £80 by 2040, UK emissions across the economy could fall by an extra 26% by that date, the report said. If the price reached £40, emissions would fall by 16%, which would help the government meet the legally binding goal of net zero emissions by 2050.

“Our modelling shows that extending the UK ETS to transport and heating will lower greenhouse gas emissions and boost the economy,” Josh Burke, report co-author and Senior Policy Fellow